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in the 17th century there was only one

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place to see and be seen the palace at

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first saw the greatest legacy of louis

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xiv the son king louis xiv spent a

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whopping 72 years on the throne during

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<font color="

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country wracked by civil war its dukes

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and nobles constantly at each other's

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throats into the most glorious and

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powerful state in europe and he came up

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<font color="

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that's never been beaten key to his

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success with this his palace of

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versailles i'm lucy Worsley chief

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curator at Britain's historic royal

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palaces<font color="

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with an unhealthy interest in court

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politics and intrigue together we're

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taking a look at the new French produced

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drama

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being shown on the BBC it's set during

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the building of Versailles this was a

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world where life revolved around<font color="

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court rituals where fortunes rose and

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fell with the latest fashions and we're

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the quickest way to Royal favour was

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through the Kings bedchamber - Jadhav

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behind the facade louis xiv survival

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depended on his creation of Versailles

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it was his power base his safe house and

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the gilded cage in which he trapped his

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enemies never before had a king and his

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entire court lived together in a single

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Palace this was a new type of building

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for<font color="

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risk it could all have gone horribly

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wrong but if anybody could pull it off

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it was louis xiv

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Louise Palace at Versailles sprang from

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surprisingly humble beginnings even the

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Kings only brother Philippe was in for a

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shock<font color="

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out of the darkness and into the light

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we must build our own destiny right here

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a new France will be born and this

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palace will be her mother palace that

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one

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our<font color="

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the dilapidated hunting lodge and the

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tiny hamlet around it was buried in the

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countryside 12 miles from Paris the only

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link between Versailles and the Capitol

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was an old drovers tract it had been

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used<font color="

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of Paris in other words their site was

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in the middle of nowhere the seat of

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power was Paris the royal residence was

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the palace of the Louvre the nobles had

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their homes close by which meant they

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could attend on the king and still enjoy

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<font color="

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the difference but Louie was passionate

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about outdoor pursuits he really enjoyed

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country life he began to spend more and

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more time at Versailles

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Loui expected his courtiers to join him

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but<font color="

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into the sticks you really are out in

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the wilds here

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that's a porous non-existent the sooner

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we return to pass the better and even

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<font color="

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and mark eases had made it out to

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Versailles there was no a decent for

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them to stay according to Matt under 7 a

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after one visit to Versailles the

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courtiers were in a fury<font color="

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said the King didn't take care of any of

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them and there was scarcely a hole to

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take shelter in the courtiers came up

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with a new witticism a bon mo Versailles

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<font color="

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but the modest hunting lodge was about

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to have a makeover when I hosted a party

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here a few years ago we did not have the

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room to<font color="

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them had to take rooms in town so I'm

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building some myself 400 apartments will

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talk

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Loui incorporated this hunting lodge

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into<font color="

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right at the heart of the later building

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Louie added additions that are still

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known as the envelope literally

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enveloping<font color="

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sleeping a cozy 15 or so extra guests

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this first phase of construction

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provided room at Versailles for 600 of

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loonies closest friends and that was

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<font color="

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Versailles to be nice to his chums he

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did it for the survival of the monarchy

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you might be forgiven for wondering why

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Louie the 14th would go to such lengths

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<font color="

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historian it's hard to think of another

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ruler who comes across as so supremely

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confident Louie inherited from his

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mother a passionate belief in the Divine

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Right<font color="

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like little mini gods who ruled on earth

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in case anyone had missed the point but

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Louise Berthe he was given the name of

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dear dawn a given by God this is because

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miraculously he was his parents<font color="

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surviving child after 23 years of

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marriage a gift from God indeed Lois

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took these ideas very much to heart

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Louis self-glorification knew no bounds

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<font color="

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Roman emperors as Alexander the Great

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even as the omnipotent Greek god Zeus no

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hero was too glorious no God to mighty

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to escape the comparison and Louie took

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his his personal emblem a symbol he

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fought fitting for his dazzling<font color="

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status

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the son

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the Sun is this Center the heart the

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mother of the universe without its

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warmth and light all life is gone man

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will cease to exist one could almost

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believe he was talking about him

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Louie<font color="

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then let all this grandstanding deceive

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you in some ways it was a sign of

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weakness if he had been absolutely

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powerful and totally secure on his phone

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<font color="

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learned that being King was a dangerous

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business are you scared of course you

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are if history teaches us one thing it

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is this terrible things happen to Kings

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Luise greatest fears were founded in the

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<font color="

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inherited in the 17th century France

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wasn't by any means the unified nation

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we know today different regions have

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different laws customs even different

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languages and vast parts of the country

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were controlled<font color="

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but by great noblemen the north and east

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who defies me they're the Duke of

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Cassell Sam to my mind the commands

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great influence half the nobility are in

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his debt

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his family have occupied<font color="

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since before memory these Nobles had

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huge independent powers in the regions

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they dominated they didn't even have to

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pay the Kings taxes so the king was

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locked in a deadly power struggle

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constantly competing<font color="

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Louie knew only too well how vulnerable

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he was and he'd known it pretty much

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since the day he was born during Louie's

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childhood the monarchy had tried to

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wrest control from the nobles the result

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was a bitter<font color="

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Louie was staying in Paris a riot

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erupted the violence came a little too

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close to home

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the mob broke into the palace and

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demanded to see the young king they

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marched<font color="

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pretended to be asleep

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the royal family managed to escape but

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Louis was traumatized

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the incident had a profound effect on

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Louie from that moment on he saw Paris

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as a crucible<font color="

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and the nobles could plot against him

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never again would he let chaos and

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violence threaten his very being for

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Louie

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the safest place from which to rule was

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not Paris but Versailles mislay our own

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foundation here what are you so because

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I will not<font color="

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who I am

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I'm louis xiv I'm king of France

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to prove who was in charge Louis made

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himself an absolute monarch he declared

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he was the sole ruler of France and set

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<font color="

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this is your king's new law stripping

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away the dignity of a true noble

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defiling the reputation of a man whose

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family forms the bedrock of this country

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now once not long<font color="

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stood but now we must prove ourselves

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now we must sing for our suppers now the

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king says I am France but I say it is we

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who are France

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in this battle Louis had some subtle new

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tactics<font color="

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the problem of his neighbors shows just

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how good he was at wielding what you

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might call soft power keep watched and

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learn from the mistakes of other Kings

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<font color="

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example he had taken up arms to defend

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his royal prerogative and look what

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happened to him but Louie wanted to wage

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war with refinement he planned to

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devastate his enemies with his

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<font color="

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them with fancy titles that didn't

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necessarily mean anything and above all

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he intended to emasculate them by making

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them do trivial jobs in his household

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here at his new country home of

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Versailles

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it's no bigger than a broom cupboard<font color="

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a matter of fact I believe it was a

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broom cupboard

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welcome to versa Louie loved to play the

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host he kept his course he is busy with

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gambling feasting hunting and to top it

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<font color="

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Louie made sure his dazzling hospitality

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would always be remembered let's have a

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look at our massive book of pictures of

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one of Louie's parties and here is

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Versailles looking extremely splendid

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these specific drawings were of an

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entertainment called<font color="

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the enchanted island that's a very

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alluring name ain't it it is although

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after six whole days and six whole

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nights I'm not sure how alert anyone

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<font color="

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based on an epic poem the frenzy of

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Orlando the lead role was Roger could it

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be possible that Roger himself was

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played by the king I think you might

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have spotted Louie's role for himself

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<font color="

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magnificently rearing horse is Roger I

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wonder who is in charge of casting

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Louie was a natural showman he had a

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reputation as a fine dancer and he never

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missed an opportunity to display his

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talents but here the real star of the

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show was<font color="

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is the marble courtyard in the heart of

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the palace isn't it decorated with

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orange trees on either side to make it

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look even more beautiful

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splendid hundreds of candles all around

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the top<font color="

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ledges inside the windows it's true it

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was beautiful enough before but now it's

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transformed into a nighttime spectacular

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and look here's an orchestra say this is

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a musical performance and they seem to

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<font color="

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a ballet that's right

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and a ballet al says a tragedy in music

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composed by Louie's own court composer

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jean-baptiste Lully one of the greatest

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musicians of his day only the very best

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<font color="

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sure his guests didn't miss a single

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detail of his palace

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one visitor gushed that the festivities

277
00:15:33,630 --> 00:15:36,400
astonished the spectators by their

278
00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:41,490
magnificence novelty and pomp

279
00:15:43,720 --> 00:15:47,329
now this really is<font color="

280
00:15:47,329 --> 00:15:49,910
nighttime scene of fireworks and

281
00:15:49,910 --> 00:15:51,829
illuminations the palace in the

282
00:15:51,829 --> 00:15:53,779
background the fountains in the

283
00:15:53,779 --> 00:15:56,240
foreground what do you think Helen was

284
00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:58,339
the point of this book of engravings

285
00:15:58,339 --> 00:16:01,910
<font color="

286
00:16:01,910 --> 00:16:04,100
impressive pictures even centuries later

287
00:16:04,100 --> 00:16:07,040
in black and white but for the rest of

288
00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:10,459
Europe in 1664 this is how you do it so

289
00:16:10,459 --> 00:16:13,160
Louie compiled all the engravings gave

290
00:16:13,160 --> 00:16:15,350
them<font color="

291
00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:17,149
home to their own European king or queen

292
00:16:17,149 --> 00:16:19,759
and say look and learn this is how they

293
00:16:19,759 --> 00:16:21,500
do it in France this is the way to hold

294
00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:24,790
a party<font color="

295
00:16:24,790 --> 00:16:27,560
specifically at Versailles forget Paris

296
00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:30,470
that was yesterday's news Louis wanted

297
00:16:30,470 --> 00:16:32,810
the eyes of the world to be on the

298
00:16:32,810 --> 00:16:37,579
palace that he was building once Louie

299
00:16:37,579 --> 00:16:39,709
had captivated his courtiers with the

300
00:16:39,709 --> 00:16:42,649
entertainment<font color="

301
00:16:42,649 --> 00:16:49,010
ways to keep them in full to him to keep

302
00:16:49,010 --> 00:16:51,350
everybody in their places Louie

303
00:16:51,350 --> 00:16:53,329
turned his life into a kind of public

304
00:16:53,329 --> 00:16:56,779
spectacle every minutes of every day was

305
00:16:56,779 --> 00:16:59,000
filled with these weird rituals

306
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,790
something quite ridiculous which all the

307
00:17:01,790 --> 00:17:04,520
<font color="

308
00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:08,869
religion all the noblemen that caught

309
00:17:08,869 --> 00:17:10,699
him are required to present themselves

310
00:17:10,699 --> 00:17:12,770
at the appointed hour Dukes before

311
00:17:12,770 --> 00:17:15,490
Marquis I believe

312
00:17:15,490 --> 00:17:19,179
I'm with the Duke only a few however

313
00:17:19,179 --> 00:17:21,898
will be given the privilege of entering

314
00:17:21,898 --> 00:17:24,299
observing<font color="

315
00:17:24,299 --> 00:17:28,270
participating taking part in Louie's

316
00:17:28,270 --> 00:17:30,880
daily routines was a strictly controlled

317
00:17:30,880 --> 00:17:34,330
business only a chosen a lease could

318
00:17:34,330 --> 00:17:38,169
share in his more intimate moments the

319
00:17:38,169 --> 00:17:40,240
most important ceremony was the king's

320
00:17:40,240 --> 00:17:48,190
<font color="

321
00:17:48,190 --> 00:17:51,100
essential to life at Versailles as the

322
00:17:51,100 --> 00:17:53,770
rising of the Sun at eight o'clock sharp

323
00:17:53,770 --> 00:17:56,320
the curtains of the state bed were drawn

324
00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:59,649
<font color="

325
00:17:59,649 --> 00:18:01,270
slept here but he had to get back in

326
00:18:01,270 --> 00:18:03,760
time and then he was greeted by his

327
00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:06,299
valet good morning

328
00:18:06,299 --> 00:18:09,909
next in came the Kings physician to

329
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:12,159
<font color="

330
00:18:12,159 --> 00:18:15,039
carried out and this is really nice in

331
00:18:15,039 --> 00:18:17,260
came the Kings nurse that he'd had since

332
00:18:17,260 --> 00:18:19,360
he was a child to give him his good

333
00:18:19,360 --> 00:18:20,289
morning kiss

334
00:18:20,289 --> 00:18:22,960
then came the privileged few who had the

335
00:18:22,960 --> 00:18:24,460
right to<font color="

336
00:18:24,460 --> 00:18:27,669
gand entree they were all highborn

337
00:18:27,669 --> 00:18:30,520
nobles and they helped the king into his

338
00:18:30,520 --> 00:18:31,510
shirt

339
00:18:31,510 --> 00:18:36,299
it sounds menial but it was a huge honor

340
00:18:38,430 --> 00:18:42,040
all you do is designed to be seen and

341
00:18:42,040 --> 00:18:45,490
admired<font color="

342
00:18:45,490 --> 00:18:48,910
eating they are no longer actions but a

343
00:18:48,910 --> 00:18:55,480
performance everything you do is a

344
00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:59,350
display of wealth authority harmony and

345
00:18:59,350 --> 00:19:05,100
modesty and last but by no means least

346
00:19:05,100 --> 00:19:08,100
Pyatt

347
00:19:10,309 --> 00:19:13,140
Louis thought of himself<font color="

348
00:19:13,140 --> 00:19:18,660
now he was worshipped like one even the

349
00:19:18,660 --> 00:19:20,820
most powerful nobles were forced to bow

350
00:19:20,820 --> 00:19:25,650
and scrape but observing Louis strict

351
00:19:25,650 --> 00:19:30,210
daily routine could reap rewards the

352
00:19:30,210 --> 00:19:32,610
clockwork timing of Louise day meant the

353
00:19:32,610 --> 00:19:34,980
courtiers always knew exactly<font color="

354
00:19:34,980 --> 00:19:37,710
king was and what he was doing and that

355
00:19:37,710 --> 00:19:39,480
meant they could engineer meetings with

356
00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:42,030
him opportunities to ask for the favors

357
00:19:42,030 --> 00:19:49,530
that only the King could give like other

358
00:19:49,530 --> 00:19:51,330
monarchs the King had the power to

359
00:19:51,330 --> 00:19:57,750
<font color="

360
00:19:57,750 --> 00:20:00,300
had his own special criteria for

361
00:20:00,300 --> 00:20:05,309
granting requests as Louie progressed

362
00:20:05,309 --> 00:20:07,790
for mass courtiers would line his route

363
00:20:07,790 --> 00:20:10,500
pressing on either side desperate for a

364
00:20:10,500 --> 00:20:13,200
word in the Kings ear if they succeeded

365
00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:15,270
<font color="

366
00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:16,410
a favor for a friend

367
00:20:16,410 --> 00:20:18,480
but if Louis thought that that

368
00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:20,280
particular nobleman hadn't spent enough

369
00:20:20,280 --> 00:20:22,470
time at Versailles he turned the request

370
00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:25,740
down with the words we never see him I

371
00:20:25,740 --> 00:20:27,480
don't know him

372
00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:29,640
<font color="

373
00:20:29,640 --> 00:20:33,870
existed the message was clear

374
00:20:33,870 --> 00:20:36,210
Porteous had better sharpen their elbows

375
00:20:36,210 --> 00:20:38,160
and fight their way to the front of the

376
00:20:38,160 --> 00:20:40,440
queue if they wanted to get ahead in

377
00:20:40,440 --> 00:20:42,630
life they had to put in the hours at

378
00:20:42,630 --> 00:20:46,200
Versailles Nobles were now too busy

379
00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:48,540
<font color="

380
00:20:48,540 --> 00:20:50,490
against him and they weren't allowed to

381
00:20:50,490 --> 00:20:52,140
go back to their country seats where

382
00:20:52,140 --> 00:20:54,000
they could have fermented rebellion it

383
00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:56,280
was all part of this strange cult that

384
00:20:56,280 --> 00:20:59,130
the Sun King it's as if Louie used his

385
00:20:59,130 --> 00:21:02,460
magnetism<font color="

386
00:21:02,460 --> 00:21:06,050
gilded cage of Versailles

387
00:21:08,010 --> 00:21:11,140
now Louie could get on with enjoying the

388
00:21:11,140 --> 00:21:14,220
pleasures of life

389
00:21:20,900 --> 00:21:23,150
and there was nothing he enjoyed more

390
00:21:23,150 --> 00:21:28,280
than the ladies he pursued one beauty

391
00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:31,030
after another married and single

392
00:21:31,030 --> 00:21:34,730
<font color="

393
00:21:34,730 --> 00:21:40,360
time in power known as the reign of love

394
00:21:40,779 --> 00:21:45,850
here are some of Louie's leading ladies

395
00:21:45,850 --> 00:21:50,000
now kings of fonts often has two wives

396
00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:53,809
one a wife the business in Louie's case

397
00:21:53,809 --> 00:21:57,380
it was<font color="

398
00:21:57,380 --> 00:21:59,210
job to represent an alliance with

399
00:21:59,210 --> 00:22:00,950
another country and to give him his

400
00:22:00,950 --> 00:22:05,059
official children or heirs but then he

401
00:22:05,059 --> 00:22:07,909
would have a wife for fun a mistress or

402
00:22:07,909 --> 00:22:12,559
<font color="

403
00:22:12,559 --> 00:22:15,350
moment the chief of them was called the

404
00:22:15,350 --> 00:22:18,470
Mitra Steckler ray the declared mistress

405
00:22:18,470 --> 00:22:20,960
I think it's very French but she had the

406
00:22:20,960 --> 00:22:25,940
sort<font color="

407
00:22:25,940 --> 00:22:29,149
de la Valliere was louise first Mitra

408
00:22:29,149 --> 00:22:33,200
Steckler a the story of Louise de la

409
00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:35,510
Valliere is intertwined with the story

410
00:22:35,510 --> 00:22:38,480
of first sight itself because Louie was

411
00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:40,370
falling in love with her at the same

412
00:22:40,370 --> 00:22:42,200
time as he was<font color="

413
00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:45,620
idea of his palace they held twists

414
00:22:45,620 --> 00:22:48,139
there and the Magnificent party the

415
00:22:48,139 --> 00:22:50,090
pleasures of the enchanted Isle was held

416
00:22:50,090 --> 00:22:53,019
to celebrate their love

417
00:22:53,019 --> 00:22:56,299
now Louise's position as chief mistress

418
00:22:56,299 --> 00:22:59,389
was far<font color="

419
00:22:59,389 --> 00:23:01,730
the courts all had their eye on Louis

420
00:23:01,730 --> 00:23:05,360
and he was all too susceptible when

421
00:23:05,360 --> 00:23:07,669
Louise came on to the scene knew he was

422
00:23:07,669 --> 00:23:09,889
already having run on a scandalous

423
00:23:09,889 --> 00:23:12,529
relationship with Honorius of England

424
00:23:12,529 --> 00:23:15,919
<font color="

425
00:23:15,919 --> 00:23:20,200
and his own first cousin

426
00:23:25,780 --> 00:23:29,110
springers from

427
00:23:32,290 --> 00:23:33,790
and there were plenty of other

428
00:23:33,790 --> 00:23:36,130
contenders vying for luiz de la

429
00:23:36,130 --> 00:23:40,860
Vallieres prized role of chief mistress

430
00:23:41,070 --> 00:23:46,420
enter attend ace the Montes pan how many

431
00:23:46,420 --> 00:23:51,040
of you had I do<font color="

432
00:23:51,040 --> 00:23:55,720
would one more make any difference hard

433
00:23:55,720 --> 00:23:59,580
to say without partaking why is that

434
00:23:59,580 --> 00:24:01,990
surely after a certain time it's just a

435
00:24:01,990 --> 00:24:07,090
number is it not it depends on the

436
00:24:07,090 --> 00:24:12,760
number pattern aris was devastatingly

437
00:24:12,760 --> 00:24:16,920
intelligent and confident<font color="

438
00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:19,480
manipulative she made friends with

439
00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:22,210
Louise in order to get close to their

440
00:24:22,210 --> 00:24:28,780
king false friend I am boring and you

441
00:24:28,780 --> 00:24:30,760
are funny perhaps when he returns make

442
00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:32,950
between<font color="

443
00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:35,740
make him laugh if he's naked humor I

444
00:24:35,740 --> 00:24:38,830
might just have a chance did you do that

445
00:24:38,830 --> 00:24:42,480
it was like a try

446
00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:51,270
now Louie didn't stand a chance he fell

447
00:24:51,270 --> 00:24:54,330
under the spell of attorneys very soon

448
00:24:54,330 --> 00:24:57,660
<font color="

449
00:24:57,660 --> 00:25:00,510
times a day and he was so keen that he

450
00:25:00,510 --> 00:25:03,390
would start to undress her even before

451
00:25:03,390 --> 00:25:07,559
her ladies had left the room and she was

452
00:25:07,559 --> 00:25:09,960
equally enthusiastic it was said that

453
00:25:09,960 --> 00:25:21,240
her powder lit very easily it wasn't

454
00:25:21,240 --> 00:25:23,880
long before<font color="

455
00:25:23,880 --> 00:25:27,030
so-called friend Louise and took her

456
00:25:27,030 --> 00:25:30,440
place at the top table

457
00:25:43,039 --> 00:25:46,470
battening reigned supreme as official

458
00:25:46,470 --> 00:25:55,529
mistress for the next decade and it was

459
00:25:55,529 --> 00:25:58,380
during this time that lois fulfilled his

460
00:25:58,380 --> 00:26:02,250
dream of creating a palace not just fit

461
00:26:02,250 --> 00:26:05,580
for any<font color="

462
00:26:05,580 --> 00:26:11,340
king now the gardens on this side will

463
00:26:11,340 --> 00:26:14,370
extend from here to here very good sire

464
00:26:14,370 --> 00:26:17,279
what is this large rectangle here a lake

465
00:26:17,279 --> 00:26:20,580
you wish to put a lake in this area the

466
00:26:20,580 --> 00:26:24,440
<font color="

467
00:26:24,440 --> 00:26:28,470
sire a lake that size would dwarf any

468
00:26:28,470 --> 00:26:30,779
structure that looks out upon it that

469
00:26:30,779 --> 00:26:33,740
depends on the structure does it not

470
00:26:33,740 --> 00:26:36,600
nothing could stand in the way of Louise

471
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:40,950
grand plans<font color="

472
00:26:40,950 --> 00:26:44,490
forests and diversity rivers to make way

473
00:26:44,490 --> 00:26:47,460
for the world's most opulent royal

474
00:26:47,460 --> 00:26:51,000
playground its size and splendor

475
00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:54,360
trumpeted Louise wealth and power but a

476
00:26:54,360 --> 00:26:57,149
<font color="

477
00:26:57,149 --> 00:27:00,659
a workforce to match

478
00:27:00,659 --> 00:27:02,820
palace was under scaffolding for years

479
00:27:02,820 --> 00:27:03,779
at a time

480
00:27:03,779 --> 00:27:05,789
and the gardens here looked pretty much

481
00:27:05,789 --> 00:27:09,509
like a quarry up to 36,000 people were

482
00:27:09,509 --> 00:27:11,759
slaving away here<font color="

483
00:27:11,759 --> 00:27:13,409
under conditions you could only describe

484
00:27:13,409 --> 00:27:19,080
as horrendous Builders toiled from dawn

485
00:27:19,080 --> 00:27:21,840
till dusk a common bricklayer earned

486
00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,289
five sous a day about the cost of a tiny

487
00:27:25,289 --> 00:27:29,700
piece of butter accidents were so

488
00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:32,460
frequent<font color="

489
00:27:32,460 --> 00:27:36,119
to deal with the casualties and even in

490
00:27:36,119 --> 00:27:38,429
his exalted position Louis could not

491
00:27:38,429 --> 00:27:40,679
quite escape the hardships that his

492
00:27:40,679 --> 00:27:43,609
workers endured

493
00:27:47,410 --> 00:27:51,460
you say you are<font color="

494
00:27:51,460 --> 00:27:54,880
hick no are suffering it feed it in your

495
00:27:54,880 --> 00:27:59,520
bones and you take that pain away

496
00:27:59,520 --> 00:28:02,140
builders went on strike in a bid to

497
00:28:02,140 --> 00:28:06,970
<font color="

498
00:28:06,970 --> 00:28:09,730
many sire many suffer from injuries

499
00:28:09,730 --> 00:28:12,070
sustained at their work but are as yet

500
00:28:12,070 --> 00:28:16,120
untreated they claim that working

501
00:28:16,120 --> 00:28:17,680
conditions are too harsh not enough

502
00:28:17,680 --> 00:28:19,330
attention is paid to their safety is

503
00:28:19,330 --> 00:28:20,370
<font color="

504
00:28:20,370 --> 00:28:23,770
we lose half a dozen men per week sire

505
00:28:23,770 --> 00:28:28,570
many more injured from the archives I've

506
00:28:28,570 --> 00:28:30,100
dug out a document that gives a

507
00:28:30,100 --> 00:28:33,070
real-life example of Louis being brought

508
00:28:33,070 --> 00:28:35,620
face to face with the human cost of

509
00:28:35,620 --> 00:28:40,720
Versailles in the summer of<font color="

510
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:42,760
was an accident involving some of the

511
00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:44,650
heavy machinery in use at Versailles

512
00:28:44,650 --> 00:28:46,600
that's reported here in the gazette of

513
00:28:46,600 --> 00:28:49,210
amsterdam we're told that there was an

514
00:28:49,210 --> 00:28:51,720
<font color="

515
00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:55,390
underneath it were caught five or six

516
00:28:55,390 --> 00:28:58,930
workmen who VA who were crazy de su it

517
00:28:58,930 --> 00:29:01,720
caused a what this crush crushed crushed

518
00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:04,390
underneath crushed to death I will think

519
00:29:04,390 --> 00:29:06,430
<font color="

520
00:29:06,430 --> 00:29:08,740
told one sentence at this point but we

521
00:29:08,740 --> 00:29:11,440
get a little bit more detail a few days

522
00:29:11,440 --> 00:29:14,230
later when the King was confronted by

523
00:29:14,230 --> 00:29:16,930
the mother of one of these poor dead

524
00:29:16,930 --> 00:29:19,480
<font color="

525
00:29:19,480 --> 00:29:23,620
to ask the King if she could have the

526
00:29:23,620 --> 00:29:26,440
body of her son back the newspaper says

527
00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:28,720
with many insults directed at the king

528
00:29:28,720 --> 00:29:31,090
now whether that's exaggeration for

529
00:29:31,090 --> 00:29:33,550
journalistic effect or what the King

530
00:29:33,550 --> 00:29:35,500
felt<font color="

531
00:29:35,500 --> 00:29:37,000
shocking that she just got close enough

532
00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:39,370
and dared to speak to him absolutely

533
00:29:39,370 --> 00:29:41,260
that someone of her status should be

534
00:29:41,260 --> 00:29:43,120
able to speak directly to the king

535
00:29:43,120 --> 00:29:45,280
himself in terms that were not

536
00:29:45,280 --> 00:29:48,190
<font color="

537
00:29:48,190 --> 00:29:50,230
her we're told that she was put in

538
00:29:50,230 --> 00:29:53,560
prison where she still is locked up the

539
00:29:53,560 --> 00:29:55,180
newspaper says stay hang on

540
00:29:55,180 --> 00:29:57,280
Louise machine has crushed to death this

541
00:29:57,280 --> 00:29:59,710
woman's son she is asked for his dead

542
00:29:59,710 --> 00:30:00,710
body and

543
00:30:00,710 --> 00:30:02,539
that she's<font color="

544
00:30:02,539 --> 00:30:05,480
the human cost of his great enterprises

545
00:30:05,480 --> 00:30:08,929
is irrelevant to Louie in comparison

546
00:30:08,929 --> 00:30:11,510
with his ground purposes the question is

547
00:30:11,510 --> 00:30:14,870
to what extent this is representative of

548
00:30:14,870 --> 00:30:17,870
something<font color="

549
00:30:17,870 --> 00:30:19,940
Louie's rule as a whole well I guess you

550
00:30:19,940 --> 00:30:22,549
could say this is an absolute monitoring

551
00:30:22,549 --> 00:30:24,860
his job the needs of the state must come

552
00:30:24,860 --> 00:30:26,990
first he has the power to override the

553
00:30:26,990 --> 00:30:28,970
trivial needs of the individual but<font color="

554
00:30:28,970 --> 00:30:30,590
does seem to me that there's something

555
00:30:30,590 --> 00:30:33,860
really cold and uniquely determined

556
00:30:33,860 --> 00:30:39,950
about Louie himself I will not be pushed

557
00:30:39,950 --> 00:30:45,100
into the sea by a builder on a scaffold

558
00:30:47,240 --> 00:30:50,100
<font color="

559
00:30:50,100 --> 00:30:53,700
ruthlessness made him many enemies but

560
00:30:53,700 --> 00:30:56,370
he had ways of keeping one step ahead of

561
00:30:56,370 --> 00:31:01,320
anyone who might plot against him you

562
00:31:01,320 --> 00:31:03,120
might think that surveillance is a

563
00:31:03,120 --> 00:31:05,610
modern concept but Louie who was

564
00:31:05,610 --> 00:31:08,309
insecure<font color="

565
00:31:08,309 --> 00:31:14,420
watchful eye on everyone no one

566
00:31:14,420 --> 00:31:17,280
understood better than Louie that

567
00:31:17,280 --> 00:31:24,690
information was power that is one of 948

568
00:31:24,690 --> 00:31:27,710
journals gathered by our services

569
00:31:27,710 --> 00:31:29,970
detailing every single member of your

570
00:31:29,970 --> 00:31:34,020
<font color="

571
00:31:34,020 --> 00:31:37,290
color their daily movements from your

572
00:31:37,290 --> 00:31:41,640
valet to your cooks assistant Madeleine

573
00:31:41,640 --> 00:31:46,559
Dubois and Louie even knew everyone's

574
00:31:46,559 --> 00:31:50,250
inner most thoughts how because all male

575
00:31:50,250 --> 00:31:54,200
to and from Versailles was intercepted

576
00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:56,970
historian<font color="

577
00:31:56,970 --> 00:31:59,360
through the lost world of 17th century

578
00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:03,230
espionage this is so much more

579
00:32:03,230 --> 00:32:05,610
significant anomalous atmospheric than

580
00:32:05,610 --> 00:32:08,400
licking the fluff as it is it is we

581
00:32:08,400 --> 00:32:11,580
really feel like this is a special thing

582
00:32:11,580 --> 00:32:14,130
<font color="

583
00:32:14,130 --> 00:32:18,390
which is a fleur-de-lis peel it away

584
00:32:18,390 --> 00:32:20,790
slowly and there we are

585
00:32:20,790 --> 00:32:24,480
that's not married so if we got this

586
00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:26,250
letter in the post you would know that I

587
00:32:26,250 --> 00:32:28,350
had sent it<font color="

588
00:32:28,350 --> 00:32:29,880
tampered it couldn't be tampered with

589
00:32:29,880 --> 00:32:34,530
yes theoretically it's secure but at the

590
00:32:34,530 --> 00:32:36,480
course of Versailles we know that

591
00:32:36,480 --> 00:32:39,929
Louie's espionage masters were reading

592
00:32:39,929 --> 00:32:41,820
the letters how did they do that when

593
00:32:41,820 --> 00:32:43,710
<font color="

594
00:32:43,710 --> 00:32:47,130
dark art we have an example of a letter

595
00:32:47,130 --> 00:32:50,160
from a court here close to the king in

596
00:32:50,160 --> 00:32:52,710
which she warns a German cousin about

597
00:32:52,710 --> 00:32:54,900
this opening of letters and she writes

598
00:32:54,900 --> 00:32:57,300
just because letters are poorly sealed

599
00:32:57,300 --> 00:32:58,850
<font color="

600
00:32:58,850 --> 00:33:01,370
they have a material made of mercury and

601
00:33:01,370 --> 00:33:03,230
other stuff that can be pressed onto the

602
00:33:03,230 --> 00:33:05,930
seal where it takes on the shape of the

603
00:33:05,930 --> 00:33:08,240
seal after they've read and copied

604
00:33:08,240 --> 00:33:11,150
letters they neatly resend them and no

605
00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:14,200
one<font color="

606
00:33:14,200 --> 00:33:16,850
so that method involves making a replica

607
00:33:16,850 --> 00:33:19,610
of the original seal absolutely and once

608
00:33:19,610 --> 00:33:22,250
you have that you're then able to open

609
00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:24,890
and reseal people's correspondence all

610
00:33:24,890 --> 00:33:27,560
the time that's pretty sneaky stuff and

611
00:33:27,560 --> 00:33:29,390
James what<font color="

612
00:33:29,390 --> 00:33:31,640
mail was red then countries are their

613
00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:33,940
knowledge once he found that you were

614
00:33:33,940 --> 00:33:37,310
talking in a critical tone about his

615
00:33:37,310 --> 00:33:40,490
court his policies his friendships you

616
00:33:40,490 --> 00:33:42,620
would be out of favor and so many

617
00:33:42,620 --> 00:33:45,530
courtiers were destroyed in this<font color="

618
00:33:45,530 --> 00:33:48,500
this surveillance state that he develops

619
00:33:48,500 --> 00:33:50,990
in the 17th century is incredibly

620
00:33:50,990 --> 00:33:53,840
powerful and it's used to keep tabs on

621
00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:56,990
the courtiers at the very heart of his

622
00:33:56,990 --> 00:34:00,520
power base at Versailles

623
00:34:02,530 --> 00:34:04,700
disloyal courtiers

624
00:34:04,700 --> 00:34:07,400
wise up so Louise tactics and found

625
00:34:07,400 --> 00:34:15,560
other ways<font color="

626
00:34:15,560 --> 00:34:17,418
all this surveillance going on there was

627
00:34:17,418 --> 00:34:19,969
only one way to keep a secret you had to

628
00:34:19,969 --> 00:34:28,010
write it in cipher secret I have

629
00:34:28,010 --> 00:34:30,830
identified<font color="

630
00:34:30,830 --> 00:34:33,889
the Low Countries very rare almost

631
00:34:33,889 --> 00:34:35,840
forgotten used it appears as an

632
00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:39,710
alternative to Roman numerals so these

633
00:34:39,710 --> 00:34:41,810
are merely numbers which correspond to

634
00:34:41,810 --> 00:34:44,389
letters but lui

635
00:34:44,389 --> 00:34:46,969
Beach the quarters of their own game by

636
00:34:46,969 --> 00:34:49,429
employing<font color="

637
00:34:49,429 --> 00:34:52,629
codes the first message is very simple

638
00:34:52,629 --> 00:34:57,380
kill the men will bring this map the

639
00:34:57,380 --> 00:35:00,950
second one is more intriguing the riddle

640
00:35:00,950 --> 00:35:03,580
in fact

641
00:35:06,620 --> 00:35:13,790
the end is near make your peace with God

642
00:35:17,580 --> 00:35:20,470
to make sure his own messages<font color="

643
00:35:20,470 --> 00:35:23,110
secret you engaged the services of

644
00:35:23,110 --> 00:35:28,600
Antoine Lawson yong hwa senior was the

645
00:35:28,600 --> 00:35:30,640
greatest cryptographer of the 17th

646
00:35:30,640 --> 00:35:33,070
century he came up with a code that was

647
00:35:33,070 --> 00:35:35,650
so complex that after it fell out of

648
00:35:35,650 --> 00:35:38,470
<font color="

649
00:35:38,470 --> 00:35:42,070
for centuries it was called the great

650
00:35:42,070 --> 00:35:47,890
cipher all this secrecy sounds extreme

651
00:35:47,890 --> 00:35:52,260
but it worked after all Louis wasn't

652
00:35:52,260 --> 00:35:55,260
assassinated

653
00:35:55,869 --> 00:35:59,410
but the Kings paranoia grew in this

654
00:35:59,410 --> 00:36:03,069
world of fear and intrigue who could he

655
00:36:03,069 --> 00:36:12,130
rely on as so often Louie didn't put his

656
00:36:12,130 --> 00:36:13,900
trust in the most powerful men in the

657
00:36:13,900 --> 00:36:17,589
land potential rivals all but those with

658
00:36:17,589 --> 00:36:19,630
whom he spent his most intimate hours

659
00:36:19,630 --> 00:36:28,029
his chosen servants and there was one

660
00:36:28,029 --> 00:36:31,259
servant who was forever by Louis side

661
00:36:31,259 --> 00:36:35,549
<font color="

662
00:36:35,549 --> 00:36:39,759
Alexander Banton bomb top was the first

663
00:36:39,759 --> 00:36:41,499
to see the King in the morning and the

664
00:36:41,499 --> 00:36:44,410
last to tuck him up in bed at night he

665
00:36:44,410 --> 00:36:46,599
was one of the few people allowed to go

666
00:36:46,599 --> 00:36:48,190
through<font color="

667
00:36:48,190 --> 00:36:51,519
balustrade into the king's private area

668
00:36:51,519 --> 00:36:53,890
that the bedchamber bond told himself

669
00:36:53,890 --> 00:36:57,099
slept just here on a camp bed

670
00:36:57,099 --> 00:36:59,680
the<font color="

671
00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:01,869
allowed to sleep in the Kings bedchamber

672
00:37:01,869 --> 00:37:04,799
not even the Queen could do that

673
00:37:04,799 --> 00:37:08,079
constantly vigilant attentive to every

674
00:37:08,079 --> 00:37:17,829
need<font color="

675
00:37:17,829 --> 00:37:24,150
god Charlotte yes it's a ray of sunshine

676
00:37:25,170 --> 00:37:27,489
Bolton's devotion to Louis

677
00:37:27,489 --> 00:37:29,619
dominated his life almost to the

678
00:37:29,619 --> 00:37:32,529
exclusion of his own family when asked

679
00:37:32,529 --> 00:37:34,569
one day<font color="

680
00:37:34,569 --> 00:37:38,489
automatically replied I'll ask the king

681
00:37:38,489 --> 00:37:42,009
you have a woman my wife lives in Paris

682
00:37:42,009 --> 00:37:45,519
with you I live with the king now I am

683
00:37:45,519 --> 00:37:46,210
confused

684
00:37:46,210 --> 00:37:49,630
wherever the Kingsley precisely as this

685
00:37:49,630 --> 00:37:52,619
is as far as I go

686
00:37:53,630 --> 00:37:59,070
his bed must<font color="

687
00:37:59,070 --> 00:38:01,680
everything about the Kings most private

688
00:38:01,680 --> 00:38:04,890
affairs all personal correspondence went

689
00:38:04,890 --> 00:38:07,320
through his hands and he acted as a

690
00:38:07,320 --> 00:38:10,830
go-between for Louie and his lovers it

691
00:38:10,830 --> 00:38:13,290
was said that<font color="

692
00:38:13,290 --> 00:38:16,470
most faithful and entirely devoted to

693
00:38:16,470 --> 00:38:20,310
the King this was one of Louie's closest

694
00:38:20,310 --> 00:38:25,310
relationships pull up a chair

695
00:38:26,480 --> 00:38:31,490
I said a chair not still a chair with

696
00:38:31,490 --> 00:38:33,670
arms

697
00:38:38,890 --> 00:38:42,020
<font color="

698
00:38:42,020 --> 00:38:43,760
in the chow hall you are more than a

699
00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:46,030
king

700
00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:50,080
you're my friend

701
00:39:02,830 --> 00:39:05,990
so could louis xiv and his trusty valet

702
00:39:05,990 --> 00:39:08,180
really have been friends what do you

703
00:39:08,180 --> 00:39:10,340
think Kings were surrounded by servants

704
00:39:10,340 --> 00:39:12,830
<font color="

705
00:39:12,830 --> 00:39:15,500
there but real friendship the difference

706
00:39:15,500 --> 00:39:17,150
in status made that much more

707
00:39:17,150 --> 00:39:18,050
complicated

708
00:39:18,050 --> 00:39:20,660
it does seem though that Louis was more

709
00:39:20,660 --> 00:39:22,910
at ease with his retainers than almost

710
00:39:22,910 --> 00:39:25,040
anyone else ah and there is the evidence

711
00:39:25,040 --> 00:39:27,710
<font color="

712
00:39:27,710 --> 00:39:29,600
the King loved his servants more than

713
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:33,410
his own children in return for his

714
00:39:33,410 --> 00:39:36,410
devoted service Louis showered bontar

715
00:39:36,410 --> 00:39:39,650
with gifts of land titles and lucrative

716
00:39:39,650 --> 00:39:44,030
posts<font color="

717
00:39:44,030 --> 00:39:47,090
townhouse in Paris with his own staff of

718
00:39:47,090 --> 00:39:51,530
twelve Louie didn't just elevate his

719
00:39:51,530 --> 00:39:53,810
personal servants he made a point of

720
00:39:53,810 --> 00:39:55,790
promoting ministers for more humble

721
00:39:55,790 --> 00:39:57,950
backgrounds and his decision to promote

722
00:39:57,950 --> 00:40:00,140
them at the expense<font color="

723
00:40:00,140 --> 00:40:02,360
brought about a change in the way that

724
00:40:02,360 --> 00:40:04,490
fonts was governed it began what the

725
00:40:04,490 --> 00:40:06,170
resentful sassy monk called

726
00:40:06,170 --> 00:40:12,730
the reign of the vile bourgeoisie Louie

727
00:40:12,730 --> 00:40:15,290
transformed life at court<font color="

728
00:40:15,290 --> 00:40:19,490
smallest detail he even changed what

729
00:40:19,490 --> 00:40:23,000
people wore from the hats on their heads

730
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:27,280
to the shoes on their feet

731
00:40:27,470 --> 00:40:31,259
Luise own love of drama and splendor was

732
00:40:31,259 --> 00:40:34,730
reflected in his wardrobe

733
00:40:43,520 --> 00:40:47,790
this was power dressing<font color="

734
00:40:47,790 --> 00:40:50,420
style

735
00:40:50,670 --> 00:40:53,730
I must tell you all I believe that very

736
00:40:53,730 --> 00:40:55,380
soon we shall have a revolution in our

737
00:40:55,380 --> 00:40:59,910
country the world knows France to be a

738
00:40:59,910 --> 00:41:02,549
master of the battlefield the one

739
00:41:02,549 --> 00:41:04,260
glimpse around this glorious<font color="

740
00:41:04,260 --> 00:41:07,109
tell you soon it will be our textile

741
00:41:07,109 --> 00:41:09,029
Mercer's and our master tailors who

742
00:41:09,029 --> 00:41:11,430
shall transform the world our fashions

743
00:41:11,430 --> 00:41:13,650
will be revered just as much for their

744
00:41:13,650 --> 00:41:19,859
beauty elegance refinement and grace the

745
00:41:19,859 --> 00:41:24,750
finest in the world to<font color="

746
00:41:24,750 --> 00:41:29,000
Louis introduced a strict new dress code

747
00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:31,650
we are trying it on for size with the

748
00:41:31,650 --> 00:41:35,839
help of costume historian Mark Wallace

749
00:41:35,839 --> 00:41:39,420
how did he make his Porteous look the

750
00:41:39,420 --> 00:41:41,760
way that he wanted them to by the Royal

751
00:41:41,760 --> 00:41:43,589
edict<font color="

752
00:41:43,589 --> 00:41:45,240
of French manufacture so if you're

753
00:41:45,240 --> 00:41:46,260
caught wearing something made from a

754
00:41:46,260 --> 00:41:47,640
different country if we take off and

755
00:41:47,640 --> 00:41:50,609
burnt and find of course - it is

756
00:41:50,609 --> 00:41:51,990
something that never had happened before

757
00:41:51,990 --> 00:41:54,480
<font color="

758
00:41:54,480 --> 00:41:56,490
covers just a court a breve now these

759
00:41:56,490 --> 00:41:59,460
coats are entirely new made of blue

760
00:41:59,460 --> 00:42:02,160
cloth covered in gold and silver lined

761
00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:04,589
with red only<font color="

762
00:42:04,589 --> 00:42:06,779
all Dukes the princes etc were allowed

763
00:42:06,779 --> 00:42:09,000
to wear this coat that really showed you

764
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:10,349
were in with the in crowd and if you

765
00:42:10,349 --> 00:42:12,210
died your coat we handed on to the next

766
00:42:12,210 --> 00:42:13,980
person<font color="

767
00:42:13,980 --> 00:42:16,109
wear it so he sees hidden the carrot and

768
00:42:16,109 --> 00:42:18,000
the stick they want to look like that

769
00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:19,380
part of the club they want to look good

770
00:42:19,380 --> 00:42:21,480
and if they break the rules they get

771
00:42:21,480 --> 00:42:21,960
fined

772
00:42:21,960 --> 00:42:23,849
yes<font color="

773
00:42:23,849 --> 00:42:25,680
the more splendid his court looked the

774
00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:27,569
better he looked and was the envy of all

775
00:42:27,569 --> 00:42:31,500
Christian princes thanks to Louie France

776
00:42:31,500 --> 00:42:33,390
became the capital of oak Kuchar

777
00:42:33,390 --> 00:42:36,319
something it's remained to this day and

778
00:42:36,319 --> 00:42:38,910
Louis<font color="

779
00:42:38,910 --> 00:42:43,670
to follow fashion had other advantages

780
00:42:45,610 --> 00:42:47,620
so how much of an investment would an

781
00:42:47,620 --> 00:42:49,060
outfit like this of be so you have

782
00:42:49,060 --> 00:42:50,830
around your your color of is Bertha as

783
00:42:50,830 --> 00:42:52,270
<font color="

784
00:42:52,270 --> 00:42:54,730
around your shoulders of perhaps very

785
00:42:54,730 --> 00:42:56,620
expensive sports car perhaps even a

786
00:42:56,620 --> 00:42:57,070
yacht

787
00:42:57,070 --> 00:42:59,410
you also have lace upon your gown down

788
00:42:59,410 --> 00:43:01,180
the front and all around the hem of the

789
00:43:01,180 --> 00:43:04,120
skirt again just to show your wealth or

790
00:43:04,120 --> 00:43:05,530
your husband's wealth and your

791
00:43:05,530 --> 00:43:08,620
extravagance<font color="

792
00:43:08,620 --> 00:43:10,390
with your coat made of silk and of

793
00:43:10,390 --> 00:43:12,460
course the gold galloon running down the

794
00:43:12,460 --> 00:43:15,220
front vertically on your coat the

795
00:43:15,220 --> 00:43:17,950
wonderful detail lots of buttons made in

796
00:43:17,950 --> 00:43:20,380
France of gold so really everything is

797
00:43:20,380 --> 00:43:22,630
the<font color="

798
00:43:22,630 --> 00:43:24,820
just one outfit you had to have lots of

799
00:43:24,820 --> 00:43:26,260
different outfits for lots of different

800
00:43:26,260 --> 00:43:30,000
occasions all of which cost a fortune

801
00:43:34,470 --> 00:43:38,260
this one is nice<font color="

802
00:43:38,260 --> 00:43:40,420
a dress a filigree bracelet and a

803
00:43:40,420 --> 00:43:43,210
necklace of diamonds believe me but how

804
00:43:43,210 --> 00:43:48,570
will we pay me worry about that

805
00:43:50,060 --> 00:43:52,470
what happened if they couldn't afford it

806
00:43:52,470 --> 00:43:53,910
we're so expensive it would bankrupt

807
00:43:53,910 --> 00:43:56,010
<font color="

808
00:43:56,010 --> 00:43:57,810
certain interest level and that gets you

809
00:43:57,810 --> 00:44:00,090
deeper in your a roll circle of debt on

810
00:44:00,090 --> 00:44:01,320
you it's incredible how he managed it

811
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:04,910
like the spider and the great golden web

812
00:44:06,290 --> 00:44:10,110
it was typically clever of Louie to use

813
00:44:10,110 --> 00:44:12,600
fashion to<font color="

814
00:44:12,600 --> 00:44:15,480
while at the same time stripping it away

815
00:44:15,480 --> 00:44:18,270
from them as one Marquess said no one at

816
00:44:18,270 --> 00:44:20,490
Versailles was really rich because

817
00:44:20,490 --> 00:44:25,040
they'd spent their fortunes on all this

818
00:44:32,780 --> 00:44:36,480
the ruthless side of Louie's nature was

819
00:44:36,480 --> 00:44:38,460
also evident in his treatment of his

820
00:44:38,460 --> 00:44:42,710
<font color="

821
00:44:42,710 --> 00:44:45,540
now give it to me I knew it the minute

822
00:44:45,540 --> 00:44:48,800
you get the chance you belittle me again

823
00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:53,250
brother the magic word what is it do not

824
00:44:53,250 --> 00:44:56,360
forget who addresses you

825
00:45:04,540 --> 00:45:08,500
you never were good at sharing

826
00:45:09,550 --> 00:45:12,110
throughout history<font color="

827
00:45:12,110 --> 00:45:13,910
between a king and his younger brother

828
00:45:13,910 --> 00:45:17,630
has been tricky it's no fun being the

829
00:45:17,630 --> 00:45:20,150
spare when he want to be the heir and

830
00:45:20,150 --> 00:45:22,820
the relationship between Louis and his

831
00:45:22,820 --> 00:45:27,400
younger brother was understandably tense

832
00:45:38,380 --> 00:45:42,410
it's hard to be a king try being a

833
00:45:42,410 --> 00:45:47,120
<font color="

834
00:45:47,120 --> 00:45:49,280
between Louie and Philippe were clear

835
00:45:49,280 --> 00:45:54,110
from very early on here's Louie as a

836
00:45:54,110 --> 00:45:56,390
little boy and he's already dressed as a

837
00:45:56,390 --> 00:45:58,550
little king in his beautiful leather

838
00:45:58,550 --> 00:46:00,890
boots his red breeches with gold

839
00:46:00,890 --> 00:46:03,770
fringing his hat<font color="

840
00:46:03,770 --> 00:46:06,830
and at first glance you might assume

841
00:46:06,830 --> 00:46:09,500
that this is his sister he looks like a

842
00:46:09,500 --> 00:46:12,110
girl with pink cheeks and wearing a

843
00:46:12,110 --> 00:46:14,990
dress but actually it's Louie's younger

844
00:46:14,990 --> 00:46:18,290
brother Philippe now don't read too much

845
00:46:18,290 --> 00:46:20,120
<font color="

846
00:46:20,120 --> 00:46:22,550
century were put in dresses until they

847
00:46:22,550 --> 00:46:24,410
were old enough to be breached at the

848
00:46:24,410 --> 00:46:26,840
age of 7 put into a man's clothing or

849
00:46:26,840 --> 00:46:29,510
breeches but in this case the boy's

850
00:46:29,510 --> 00:46:31,520
mother was determined that Philippe

851
00:46:31,520 --> 00:46:33,980
<font color="

852
00:46:33,980 --> 00:46:37,310
to this end she nurtured his feminine

853
00:46:37,310 --> 00:46:40,610
side she called him my little girl and

854
00:46:40,610 --> 00:46:42,620
she always encouraged him to wear

855
00:46:42,620 --> 00:46:46,880
dresses this had a lasting impact on

856
00:46:46,880 --> 00:46:50,800
Philippe Philippe you don't

857
00:46:53,130 --> 00:46:56,160
as an adult<font color="

858
00:46:56,160 --> 00:46:59,190
dress up as a woman and he loved ladies

859
00:46:59,190 --> 00:47:01,849
clothing

860
00:47:02,280 --> 00:47:05,740
one quart chronicler said that he would

861
00:47:05,740 --> 00:47:08,680
always decked out like a woman covered

862
00:47:08,680 --> 00:47:10,600
everywhere with rings bracelets and

863
00:47:10,600 --> 00:47:13,540
jewels with a long black wig<font color="

864
00:47:13,540 --> 00:47:16,240
wore such high heels that he looked like

865
00:47:16,240 --> 00:47:18,970
he was wearing stilts so good of you to

866
00:47:18,970 --> 00:47:19,510
come

867
00:47:19,510 --> 00:47:26,700
pleasure he spent 15,000 on shoes well

868
00:47:26,700 --> 00:47:30,029
you haven't seen the shoes

869
00:47:30,029 --> 00:47:32,819
<font color="

870
00:47:32,819 --> 00:47:35,279
miracle of inflaming the heart of this

871
00:47:35,279 --> 00:47:40,279
prince was not reserved for any woman

872
00:47:40,279 --> 00:47:43,049
Philippe was married to Henriette of

873
00:47:43,049 --> 00:47:45,959
England but his true love was the

874
00:47:45,959 --> 00:47:49,009
Knight of Lorraine is handsome

875
00:47:49,009 --> 00:47:52,319
blond-haired nobleman of princely rank

876
00:47:52,319 --> 00:47:55,289
he'd lived with Philippe<font color="

877
00:47:55,289 --> 00:47:59,059
of male official mistress

878
00:47:59,450 --> 00:48:03,730
it was a crowded marriage

879
00:48:05,460 --> 00:48:08,540
phillipe flaunted his femininity

880
00:48:08,540 --> 00:48:11,220
everybody knew that he had male lovers

881
00:48:11,220 --> 00:48:13,170
on the one hand this was an

882
00:48:13,170 --> 00:48:15,390
embarrassment<font color="

883
00:48:15,390 --> 00:48:17,970
it meant that Philippe served as a foil

884
00:48:17,970 --> 00:48:20,280
to the king they were two halves of a

885
00:48:20,280 --> 00:48:22,830
whole a perfect double act Philippe's

886
00:48:22,830 --> 00:48:25,200
lack of manliness only served to

887
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:29,820
<font color="

888
00:48:29,820 --> 00:48:32,010
turned out and perhaps surprisingly for

889
00:48:32,010 --> 00:48:33,740
a man who loved shoes so much

890
00:48:33,740 --> 00:48:36,780
Philippe would upstage his brother in

891
00:48:36,780 --> 00:48:41,040
one crucial area Philippe dreamed of

892
00:48:41,040 --> 00:48:47,280
being a soldier in the 1670s when France

893
00:48:47,280 --> 00:48:49,890
was at war with Holland he demanded to

894
00:48:49,890 --> 00:48:57,119
<font color="

895
00:48:57,119 --> 00:48:59,849
a horse why the delay when will I go to

896
00:48:59,849 --> 00:49:03,420
war the king is not yet sir to date what

897
00:49:03,420 --> 00:49:06,440
am I supposed to do until then

898
00:49:07,940 --> 00:49:11,760
in the spring of 1677 the French

899
00:49:11,760 --> 00:49:13,920
launched a rapid<font color="

900
00:49:13,920 --> 00:49:17,450
towns in northern France

901
00:49:20,330 --> 00:49:23,240
Philippe was finally posted to the front

902
00:49:23,240 --> 00:49:25,480
line

903
00:49:28,359 --> 00:49:31,460
at the Battle of Cassell he commanded

904
00:49:31,460 --> 00:49:35,890
the troops and personally led the charge

905
00:49:44,249 --> 00:49:46,509
eyewitnesses said that he charged like a

906
00:49:46,509 --> 00:49:48,819
<font color="

907
00:49:48,819 --> 00:49:51,190
that his troops were inspired to perform

908
00:49:51,190 --> 00:49:53,430
miracles

909
00:49:58,430 --> 00:50:01,190
the result a complete victory against

910
00:50:01,190 --> 00:50:03,460
the Dutch

911
00:50:05,300 --> 00:50:07,470
afterwards on the road back to Paris

912
00:50:07,470 --> 00:50:09,750
<font color="

913
00:50:09,750 --> 00:50:13,410
Monsieur who won the battle Louie didn't

914
00:50:13,410 --> 00:50:16,070
like the sound of that

915
00:50:25,750 --> 00:50:28,550
Louie made sure that when the Battle of

916
00:50:28,550 --> 00:50:31,640
castle was painted it represented his

917
00:50:31,640 --> 00:50:35,810
version of events<font color="

918
00:50:35,810 --> 00:50:38,810
painting the battle rages a gun is fired

919
00:50:38,810 --> 00:50:42,500
and a soldier falls and here in the

920
00:50:42,500 --> 00:50:44,690
thick of the fighting is the king on his

921
00:50:44,690 --> 00:50:49,190
<font color="

922
00:50:49,190 --> 00:50:52,340
life not art Louie wasn't even there the

923
00:50:52,340 --> 00:50:54,260
hero of the hour was Philippe and

924
00:50:54,260 --> 00:50:59,480
where's he here stuck in the corner in

925
00:50:59,480 --> 00:51:02,020
his brother's shadow

926
00:51:03,340 --> 00:51:05,800
<font color="

927
00:51:05,800 --> 00:51:08,440
Versailles Louis receives word of his

928
00:51:08,440 --> 00:51:12,700
brother's victory we report with joy the

929
00:51:12,700 --> 00:51:14,650
success of the Kings in future he

930
00:51:14,650 --> 00:51:17,650
against the troops of the Spanish siege

931
00:51:17,650 --> 00:51:20,170
is now laid to the tone of<font color="

932
00:51:20,170 --> 00:51:24,250
last some good news most remarkable of

933
00:51:24,250 --> 00:51:26,950
all heroes present in the King's name is

934
00:51:26,950 --> 00:51:29,620
His Majesty's own brother Prince Philip

935
00:51:29,620 --> 00:51:32,680
the Duke of all Lille who has shown

936
00:51:32,680 --> 00:51:34,300
bravery on the battlefield

937
00:51:34,300 --> 00:51:37,150
<font color="

938
00:51:37,150 --> 00:51:41,230
everlasting hero I said enough and so it

939
00:51:41,230 --> 00:51:44,380
was in real life Louis was so jealous of

940
00:51:44,380 --> 00:51:46,210
his little brothers achievement that he

941
00:51:46,210 --> 00:51:48,430
never again put him in charge of an army

942
00:51:48,430 --> 00:51:53,100
no one could outshine the Sun King

943
00:51:53,680 --> 00:51:56,920
if Louie was the Sun Philippe was the

944
00:51:56,920 --> 00:51:59,740
moon only<font color="

945
00:51:59,740 --> 00:52:03,270
brothers reflected glory

946
00:52:12,850 --> 00:52:16,790
at first sigh everyone revolved around

947
00:52:16,790 --> 00:52:20,540
the Sun King Louie officially moved the

948
00:52:20,540 --> 00:52:22,460
seat of government and installed his

949
00:52:22,460 --> 00:52:26,780
court here in 1684 and for the remaining

950
00:52:26,780 --> 00:52:30,110
30 years of his reign he only returned

951
00:52:30,110 --> 00:52:30,920
to Paris

952
00:52:30,920 --> 00:52:33,760
eight times it was a staggering

953
00:52:33,760 --> 00:52:35,660
transformation in the way<font color="

954
00:52:35,660 --> 00:52:39,410
monarchy ruled Louis had created the

955
00:52:39,410 --> 00:52:42,590
ultimate power base five thousand souls

956
00:52:42,590 --> 00:52:46,690
living firmly underneath the royal thumb

957
00:52:46,690 --> 00:52:49,700
it's tempting to see all this crazy

958
00:52:49,700 --> 00:52:52,520
ritual and extravagance as just another

959
00:52:52,520 --> 00:52:55,460
<font color="

960
00:52:55,460 --> 00:52:57,980
absolutely you'd think that this

961
00:52:57,980 --> 00:53:01,160
combination of luxury and cruelty would

962
00:53:01,160 --> 00:53:03,890
lead to violent collapse but in Louie's

963
00:53:03,890 --> 00:53:06,710
case it didn't the country was no longer

964
00:53:06,710 --> 00:53:09,620
<font color="

965
00:53:09,620 --> 00:53:11,960
became renowned for its culture and

966
00:53:11,960 --> 00:53:14,810
sophistication on his deathbed Louis

967
00:53:14,810 --> 00:53:17,990
pronounced I depart but the states will

968
00:53:17,990 --> 00:53:21,620
always remain well remain it did at

969
00:53:21,620 --> 00:53:24,170
least for a while and what will surely

970
00:53:24,170 --> 00:53:27,230
<font color="

971
00:53:27,230 --> 00:53:29,740
Versailles

972
00:53:41,960 --> 00:53:44,450
could you survive as a court yet at the

973
00:53:44,450 --> 00:53:47,089
Sun King in Versailles go online and

974
00:53:47,089 --> 00:53:50,780
test yourself at BBC couch UK / I wonder

975
00:53:50,780 --> 00:53:53,089
and the first episode of BBC Two's

976
00:53:53,089 --> 00:53:55,460
sumptuous an epic new drama Versailles

977
00:53:55,460 --> 00:53:59,830
<font color="

978
00:54:00,600 --> 00:00:00,000
you